As the crypto ecosystem matures, the need for robust and versatile trading platforms is more pressing than ever. Amid this backdrop, GMX has emerged as a noteworthy decentralized exchange that offers both spot and perpetual trading options. This comprehensive guide aims to unravel the intricacies of GMX, from its anonymous founders to its unique liquidity pool, offering insights into why this platform is garnering attention in the DeFi landscape.

Background

GMX was brought to life by a group of anonymous developers, breaking traditional norms where projects typically introduce the faces behind them. The platform is the brainchild of a collaboration between two earlier protocols, XVIX and Gambit. These two platforms merged and converted their native tokens into GMX. Having an anonymous team adds an interesting dynamic: it provides a layer of protection against regulatory actions and unnecessary legal issues.

The token has caught the eye of several individual and corporate investors. A notable name on the list of top individual holders is Arthur Hayes, co-founder of the prominent cryptocurrency exchange BitMEX. Hayes holds an impressive stash of over 200,000 GMX tokens, with a current value exceeding $15 million. He acquired these tokens through a series of purchases, spending approximately 3,386 ETH—or around $5.72 million at the time—between March and September of 2022.

What is GMX?

GMX is a decentralized trading platform that offers both spot and perpetual exchange functionalities. Unlike centralized exchanges where you need to deposit your assets into the exchange’s custody, GMX lets you trade popular cryptocurrencies like BTC and ETH right from your own crypto wallet. This ensures that you maintain complete control and custody of your assets throughout the trading process.

The platform aims to offer a superior trading experience characterized by low swap fees and zero impact on asset prices. All trading activities are facilitated through its multi-asset liquidity pool known as GLP, which also provides earnings to those who supply liquidity. For price accuracy, GMX relies on Chainlink Oracles that aggregate dynamic pricing data from high-volume exchanges.

Originally, GMX launched on the Arbitrum One network in September 2021 to take advantage of its Layer-2 Rollup capabilities, enhancing the speed and scalability of Ethereum-based transactions. However, it expanded its reach in January 2022 to include Avalanche, another high-performance blockchain that is compatible with Ethereum’s Virtual Machine (EVM).

How Does GMX Work?

GMX sets itself apart from other decentralized trading platforms with its unique approach to perpetual contract trading and spot exchange, primarily through its community-driven liquidity pool known as the GLP pool. This multi-purpose pool serves as the backbone for both spot trading and perpetual contracts, and is fueled by assets contributed by the community, similar to other decentralized liquidity pools.

The GLP pool offers two distinct features:

  1. Single Asset Contribution: Users can deposit individual assets into the GLP pool, which is then utilized by the Automated Market Maker (AMM) to facilitate spot exchanges or swaps.
  2. Leverage for Loans: The GLP pool is also tapped by GMX’s leverage trading algorithm to fulfill loan requests from traders. With up to 30x leverage available, traders can borrow as much as 30 times their collateral from this pool.

Upon depositing assets into the GLP pool, users are given GLP tokens, which represent their share or stake in the pool. Currently, the GLP pool holds more than $300 million in assets, spread across both the Avalanche and Arbitrum networks.

For ensuring accurate and real-time pricing, GMX leverages Chainlink’s Decentralized Oracle Network (DON). This ensures optimized price feeds for both spot and perpetual contract trades, and effectively mitigates abrupt shifts in liquidation prices.

$GLP

GLP serves as the liquidity provider token for GMX, acting as an index that represents a basket of various assets. This token signifies the level of liquidity that a liquidity provider (LP) has injected into the community-driven GLP pool. Essentially, the assortment of index assets within the GLP pool establishes the value of GLP tokens. These tokens are created when LPs deposit assets into the GLP pool and are destroyed or “burned” when LPs withdraw their contributions.

Liquidity providers earn rewards for enriching the pool, and by holding GLP tokens, they also offer liquidity to traders employing leverage. This creates a symbiotic relationship where GLP holders earn when traders incur losses and face losses when traders turn a profit.

In terms of benefits, GMX has implemented several features to enhance the experience for liquidity providers. One of these is an effort to mitigate impermanent loss, a common issue faced by LPs in decentralized finance (DeFi). Additionally, GMX aggregates pricing data from leading exchanges based on trading volumes, thereby preventing liquidity risks that could arise from temporary price spikes or “wicks.” Users have the freedom to interact with the GMX platform via their self-custodial wallets and benefit from a user-friendly swapping interface. GMX also boasts of providing zero price impacts on trades and offering various means for users to earn passive income, whether it’s through staking or liquidity provision. 

The platform’s smart contracts have been audited by ABDK Consulting, providing an extra layer of trust and reducing smart contract risks. And for those who love high-risk, high-reward strategies, GMX allows traders to access leverage up to 50 times their initial investment.

Conclusion

In a market flooded with trading platforms, GMX sets itself apart with its community-centric approach and innovative features. With a focus on decentralization and user empowerment, GMX offers traders an alternative to centralized platforms without compromising on trading options and leverage. Its unique GLP token and community-owned liquidity pool provide further incentives for user participation. 

However, like any trading platform, GMX is not without its risks, and prospective users should conduct their own due diligence. Whether you are new to the world of crypto trading or a seasoned veteran, GMX offers a range of features designed to enhance your trading experience in a secure and decentralized environment.